The Different Styles Of Attachment - 1872 Words

INTRODUCTION (3-5 sentences .25pg) We will be exploring the different styles of attachment, how parenting affects attachment style and in turn how it affects our love lives as adults. Built by close relationships, attachment can vary from one relationship to another, depending on how available that person is, especially during infancy and childhood. As adults, we react to things based on our attachment style, which is ingrained but not unchangeable, this not only affects our relationships with prospective partners but everyone we hold close throughout our lives. Attachment is an immensely valuable tool in the world of psychology, with it you can better understand how behavior is influenced by experience. TOPIC CHOSEN AND WHY YOU CHOSE IT (1 pg) I chose attachment because I would like to obtain a deeper understanding of the different styles of attachment and how to apply attachment theory in my life. I have four younger siblings, watching them get raised in separate households with very different parenting styles makes me wonder about how parenting styles and attachment can affect how children grow and respond. I am also interested in how attachment affects your adult relationships, not only in love but friendships as well. I have been in relationships where it would have been helpful to understand attachment in order to understand my partner and their reactions better. As well as using attachment as a form of self-insight in order to improve my own reactions inShow MoreRelatedHow Different Parenting Styles And Child Attachment Styles1795 Words   |  8 Pagesthis paper, I investigated the research question of how different parenting styles and child attachment styles play a role in the development of anxiety disorders. Thi s research question is important because it can help us find ways to effectively prevent anxiety disorders early on and find effective ways of treating children and adolescents so that they do not develop disorders in the future (Schimmenti Bifulco, 2015, p. 42). Attachment styles are defined as the bond and the strong emotional connectionRead MoreDifferent Styles Of Attachment : The Level Of Care, Attention, And Type Of Relationship2012 Words   |  9 PagesSTYLES OF ATTACHMENT The level of care, attention, and type of relationship a child has with their caregiver can have a massive effect on their personalities which will result in secure, ambivalent, avoidant, or disorganized attachment. Secure attachment is what we should all aim for. This attachment is the result of caregiver having a good relationship with the child, who is confident that their needs will be met with the appreciate response. They’re comfortable with separating from the caregiverRead MoreHow Attachment Affects Your Adult Relationships898 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION We will be exploring the different styles of attachment, how parenting affects attachment style and in turn how it affects our love lives as adults. Built by close relationships, attachment can vary from one relationship to another, depending on how available that person is especially during infancy and childhood. As adults, we react to situations based on our attachment style, which is ingrained but not unchangeable. This not only affects our relationships with prospective partnersRead MoreAttachment Styles Of Mothers And How They Developed Them1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Attachment is a very important part of a child’s development it determines how a child may relate to other people later on in their lives. There have been known to be four attachment styles which are secure, avoidant, disorganized and ambivalent. Three of the styles were discovered by Mary Ainsworth and her famous â€Å"Strange Situation† study. Ainsworth performed a study where she would allow parents and children in a room and a stranger came in and then the parent would leave. They observedRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Personal Attachment Style on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingnessRead MoreAttachment Styles : The Understanding Of Social Development Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment styles are important in the understanding of social development. These attachment styles are influenced by a child’s environment and their relationship with their parents as young children and infants. These relationships can have both a positive or negative affect on future adult relationships. Both father and mother, whether present or not present have equal impact on the child, and their attachment style. Attachment styles as an adult are a reflection of how a child grew up. Read MoreQuestions On Theories Of Attachment Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand Theories of Attachment. Evaluating two theories that explain the development of the infant attachment to parents or surrogates. Ainsworth and Bell’s theory, based on Strange Situation Test (SST), and Bowlby’s monotropic theory will be evaluated and shall show their usefulness in psychological research. Summary of Attachment. An attachment is, to quote Kagan et al. (1978, cited in Gross, 2015), â€Å"†¦an intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time,Read MoreAttachment Style As A Predictor For Romantic Adult Relationships Or Attachment Styles1297 Words   |  6 Pagesspan, attachment style is consistent; the theory of attachment, created by John Bowlby, describes attachment as â€Å"the lasting psychological connectedness between human beings† (McLeod). Attachment style forms during childhood through early school years and accommodates for experience and the environment we immerse in (Feeney Noller, 281). Through careful study, the three different attachment styles serve as a predictor for romantic adult relationships or attachment styles. The three different attachmentRead MoreAttachment Theory Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory has had some very powerful theorists that have come up with these ideologies. In 1969, John Bowlby was the first theorist to develop the attachment theory. It is a theory developed to explain the emotional ties that children had with their parents or caregivers. It was believed that a child’s attachment style with a caregiver was developed throughout childhood and influenced how an individual interacts with society. It also gave an indication on what their parenting styles mightRead MoreAdult Attachment Styles By Mary Ainsworth940 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Attachment Styles The attachment style that an individual exhibits as an infant can affect their adult romantic relationships. An attachment pattern is established in early childhood attachments and continues to function as a working model for relationships in adulthood. This model of attachment influences how each of us reacts to our needs and how we go about getting them met. The ability to recognize one s attachment can help someone to understand their strengths and vulnerabilities

Essay on Examining Educational Theorists and Current...

Examining Educational Theorists and Current Practice Today Abstract This paper names three educational theorists, Benjamin Bloom, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky, and seeks to examine their most well-known theories. These are namely, Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, and Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. Each theory is briefly explained and then compared and contrasted with the other theories. Lastly, the author reflects on the practical application of these theories in a classroom setting, discussing how these philosophies fit into the author’s current practice. Can anyone with a thought, idea, or theory about a topic be considered a theorist? Those who†¦show more content†¦The theorists whom this student-educator will focus on in this paper are Benjamin Bloom, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky. Perhaps best known for his Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (1956), learning theorist Benjamin Bloom spent much of his life devoted to helping others see â€Å"education as an exercise in optimism† (Eisner, 2000) through the work he performed. In his work as a university examiner Bloom wanted to have more reliable procedures for assessing students and the outcomes of educational practices (Eisner, 2000). This need resulted in his Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Handbook 1 in the Cognitive Domain (1956) to be used in the preparation of evaluation materials. Bloom’s Taxonomy examines cognitive operations and orders them into six increasingly complex levels, with each level dependent on the student’s ability to perform at the levels that precede it (Eisner, 2000). These levels of cognition, from simple to most complex are as follows: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Bloom, 1956). Today Bloom’s Taxonomy is not just for university examiners; undergraduate and graduate students in education study this taxonomy so that as teachers they may better assist those they teach to reach the most complex levels of cognition in their studies and demonstrate true understanding. Jean Piaget, a researcher in developmental psychology and genetic epistemology, had one goalShow MoreRelatedA Brief History Of Multicultural Education2246 Words   |  9 Pagesmulticultural education is. And therein lies one of the problems of MCE. There is no single, all-encompassing, everyone-agrees definition. When reading articles and books on MCE and even the history and development of the field of what is known today as â€Å"multicultural education†, each author defines the concepts to his/her meaning for each publication. For instance, â€Å"†¦Levinson (2009) calls multicultural education a ‘conceptual mess’ (p. 428) since different thinkers have attached various valuesRead MoreThe Term Social Justice1875 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice and the historical perspective while incorporating key philosophical and socio-political perspectives. Alongside this, it will also examine whether there have been developments of changes to the struct ure of society and the relevance they hold today when striving for social justice. This essay will also study the learning through working alongside social work and primary education students and what knowledge and experience has been gained from this for future development of reflective practitionersRead MoreEssay on Postmodernism: Myths and Realities1996 Words   |  8 PagesPostmodernism: Myths and Realities A number of theorists and scholars have proclaimed that we now live in a postmodern world--a world better explained by theories and concepts different from those of the modern world dating from the Enlightenment and before. The theories and concepts of postmodernism are widely and prominently applied in adult education. So, how do postmodernists characterize postmodernism? What are the critics critiques? Do proponents and critics agree on anything? CharacterizingRead MoreMentorship in Nursing4737 Words   |  19 Pages‘mentor’ denotes â€Å"A nurse, midwife or specialist community public health nurse who facilitates learning and supervises and assesses students in a practice setting†, (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2005). The essay will explore the role of the mentor in the field of nursing, with personal reflection on the authors experience as a mentor in my current role as a community mental health nurse (CMHN). The mentor-mentee learning relationship will be explored and the application of teaching and learningRead MoreEssay about Using Reflection to Identify Teacher Development Needs1883 Words   |  8 Pagesusing theoretical models and critical analysis in relation to the development of my professional practice throughout the course and as a trainee teacher. I will then conclude with a summary of my development and identify future professional development needs. â€Å"Reflective practice is understood as the process of learning through and from experience towards gaining new insights of self and/or practice† (Boud et al 1985; Boyd and Fales, 1983; Mezirow, 1981, Jarvis, 1992). Reflection has been an importantRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory And Family Therapy3298 Words   |  14 Pagesin Relation to Family Therapy Today Cognitive behavioral Therapy has been influenced by two major therapeutic approaches: firstly, Behaviorism as developed by Skinner, Pavlov and others in the 1950s and 1960s, where the main research was related to rewards and punishments, or stimuli’ and their response. Second is Cognitive therapy which was introduced or made popular by Beck and Ellis in the 1960s. 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These theorists also emphasize the importance of languageRead MoreStrategic Planning Theories5409 Words   |  22 PagesDBA 822 Seminars in Strategy and International Business Strategic Planning Theories A Literature Review By; Benjamin J. Shuford III 8/24/10 Introduction: Strategic planning is a broad concept that has been introduced into the main stream practices of today’s corporations. Strategic planning can be defined as an organization’s process of defining goals, direction, and decision making processes that effect the allocation of resources that include capital and people. The term â€Å"strategy† is derived

Business Opportunities Enterprise Resource Planning

Question: Discuss about the Business Opportunities for Enterprise Resource Planning. Answer: Introduction A growth in business opportunities in the modern world has lead to the creation of several controlling and planning process tools that greatly benefit a firm. It is noted that the use of these newly developed mechanism have been increasing at a steady rate. Apart from the several functionalities in a firm, the topic of Enterprise Resource Planning has received a greater amount of acceptance in the business sector. In the words of Leon (2014), being a multi dimensional aspect, the process has greatly supported development and growth. In addition to attending towards product, manufacturing, servicing and inventory management sections, ERP system cater to financial, marketing and sales department as well. It is noted that an enlargement of ERP in an organization tends to spread throughout the management and departmental areas as well. Despite of being dependent on the IT industry, enterprise systems have emerged to be a multibillion dollar segment across the globe. Also, with an increased rate of success, small and medium scale companies have also integrated ERP system in their framework. According to ERP (2014), over the years, experts have actively tried to track growth processes and resource availabilities to be able to use the mechanism in the most profitable manner. It is noted that an organized relationship between computer network and network formations noticeably benefit the systems. For this particular project the journey of ERP systems has been taken into consideration. Moreover, several company cases have also been included in the report for a better understanding of the topic. Being a diversified subject, enterprise resource planning tends to different approach with discrimination in the type of a company and its individual capability level. In addition to the different stages and potentiality, drivers and barriers of the well developed planning systems are focused on in this project. Unending Journey of ERP Systems As stated by Chiu et al. (2014), ERP systems tends to cover mostly every other sector of a business framework. It is noted that with a nature to serve as a helping hand in performing back office jobs, the mechanism are likely to undergo a continuous and unending process. Further, in the modern world there has been an increase in technological dependency thereby making the processes an integral function of a company. It is with the help of the integrated functions that the management of a firm successfully collects studies, manages and further interprets information to facilitate decision making in business activity areas. Additionally, the newly developed business processes also significantly contributes towards maintain a database management mechanism which help to keep a track of financial transactions, goods dealing, production, marketing and various other activities. It is noted that ERP systems have greatly facilitated clarity and transparency in an enterprise as well. The managers tend to greatly value enterprise resource planning not only because of the various advantages it provides, but also because of its tendency to fulfil targets of the business. As opined by Monk and Wagner (2012), being confronted with a diversity of internal and external factors that directly affect performance levels of a business firm, the systems have also enabled to mitigate effects of the issues. Further, the computerized systems keep a continuous track of the several resources, analyze them and focus on its optimum use along with cutting down costs. Being integrated software, ERP systems apart from ensuring a smooth flow of data among all departments of a firm, guarantees an increased degree of efficiency. Also, interpretation of the exchanges data is a responsibility of the advanced mechanisms. In order to facilitate a smooth function among the business framewor k and also develop positivity across staff members, supervisors tend to value ERP system more than earlier times (Babu and Bezawada 2012). According to Shaul and Tauber (2013), over the year organizations have tested ERP systems and have been highly benefitted from its use. Along with concentrating on its careful and planned implementation, managers tend to prioritize segments of affect as well. Moreover, the modules of the systems are studied and divided into several components based on the needs and functions of a department. Operating in the rapidly changing environment, it is important that firms undertake standardization and speed up processes on a large scale basis. It is with the help of the organized and well planned systems that managers are able to perform in the desired manner. Ranging from integrating monetary information to noting client orders, the systems greatly benefit an enterprise (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013). It is noted that companies irrespective of their types perform on a continuity basis in the environment thereby highlighting an unending journey of the enterprise resource planning systems. Discovery and Planning As opined by Tsai et al. (2012), the discovery and planning starts during the process of sales in an organization and continues after the sales. In this phase of the journey, the project team is created. The pace continues approximately 4 weeks, where the principle objective is to become more acquainted with the business and its procedures. Discovery begins within the business cycle and revelation and arranging proceeds after the deal is made. The usage group works with the venture group to make a strong venture arrange where the ultimate objective is to carry out the ERP project effectively. The activities in the phase include having a close look at the organization's corporate structure, lines of business, divisions, product offerings, and so forth. The group will likewise jump into the business procedures, for example, quote to money, get to pay, money administration, and periodically shutting. ERP1s design stage focuses on building up an framework that not only provides several advantages to the organization, but also enhances the return of investment towards the clients. Further, the outlines stage initiates after discovery and planning functions, specifically at the occurrence of project selection, documentation and alignment of information (Cao, Nicolaou and Bhattacharya 2013). It is noted that the systems and the taskforce work towards decrypting the client framework to be able to evaluate potential choices. It is after analyzing the choices, that the group tends to work effectively along with the venture in order to develop designs and thereby focus on implementation of policies that further leads to building up capability levels. Like any development project, improvement does not start with real development work. Development must not start until legitimate arranging and documentation has been done. The primary motive of the development processes is building up an advanced framework environment that significantly helps in data relocation and fundamental approvals. Moreover, a proper creation of the structures lends a hand towards incorporating a testing condition and also develops consumer capabilities. According to Tarhini, Ammar and Tarhini (2015), there exists a high degree of adaptability in the newly developed ERP systems as well. The alignment of necessary information and method assignment helps to identify the needs of the people thereby ensuring their fulfilment. The usage group constructs, send, and test any required elements that are distinguished during the development stage. This incorporates changing or develops new processes, taking into consideration the new processes comprising of reports, data sheets that fit the ERP structure in a better manner. It is noted that the stage of testing along with concentrating on ERP usage, also focuses on tracking improvement in areas of customization. Further, the final consumers began preparing in an uncommon training setting using samples of data. There is no defined limit in the improvement and testing of the system. In addition to that, there will be a huge gap between the two procedures. To audit the development stage and different stages in the implementation process, more articles in this arrangement are achieved (Olson and Staley 2012). The targets for the testing stage will be to certify framework usefulness arrangement with necessities and begin end user capability. According to Cao, Nicolaou and Bhattacharya (2013), the venture and practice grouping tends to study the fluctuating situations and thereby make the final decision. It is noted that the final data are collected and accepted before its announcement. Additionally, the groups also help in delegating responsibilities among the taskforce who shall perform in the newly developed framework. After the final declaration of the ERP framework, the project groups tend to work towards a different motive. It is noted that as the customer performance level advances in the framework over time, certain modification and alterations in the arrangement might be required. As per Aka, Esen and zer (2013), there may exist various features in the developed framework which the deployment groups tend to compromise until its announcement. Clients may likewise discover marginally unique approaches to use the framework that help them be more beneficial. Potential Benefits of ERP Systems Journey In the words of Ha and Ahn (2014), ERP systems provide a company with a vast range of benefits. Being a diversified aspect, the mechanism greatly helps in developing capabilities and also smoothens functional activities. It is noted that the management of a firm tends to successfully integrate the well planned systems in the framework of their enterprise and also make the most of the resources. Not only does it saves times, but also cuts down costs thereby leading to increase in profit margins. A proper integration of the subjects also actively helps in lowering errors and enhances speediness in an organization. It is noted that an accurate collection and use of information lends a hand towards building a better organization as well. Additionally, in the modern generation an efficient use of the techniques helps in sales forecasting which leads to a consequent inventory optimization. As stated by Hasibuan and Dantes (2012), apart from gathering necessary data, the tracking functions of the system also greatly benefit a company. Concerning Australia, there exists a large number of firms that actively integrates enterprise resource planning systems. Further, the managers of manufacturing, IT, production and various other firms tends successfully use order and revenue tracking functions to ensure matching of buying orders, costing and inventory receipts. On the other hand, the centralization of information significantly contributes towards developing clarity and transparency in an organization. Apart from focusing on standardizing multiple systems, the advanced systems also help in securing legitimacy as well. Moreover, the encrypting and decrypting of information contributes towards enhancing management functions and serves the people in a best possible manner (Kerzner 2013). It is the tracking of data which contributes towards providing expected results, ensures high quality client service, proper manufacturing and further builds up efficiency. Also, it is seen that the system nature to collect data and provide the managers with exact details helps in facilitating decision making as well. Along with developing adaptability, ERP systems tend to make a company more flexible and consequently lower rigidity in the framework. An increase in malleability noticeably leads to building up of capability levels. As stated by Hanafizadeh et al. (2012), one of the most crucial functions of the mechanisms is to improve data privacy in an enterprise. In addition to a development in abilities, the systems aggressively tend to protect the collected information from wring and unethical usage. According to Yeh and Xu (2013), it is noted that the gathered facts in an organization can be interpreted in a number of ways. A differentiation in their types opens up opportunities for collaboration. In addition to developing communication with the employees, the system also help in building up relationship with the outer world as well. The right use of information at the time of building up connection greatly contributes towards enhancing performance levels. Despite of being a comparatively small nation, there lays a huge rivalry among the various companies in Australia. Moreover, organizations irrespective of their types maintain a strong and stiff relationship with each other. Several firms like BHP Billiton, Wesfarmers, Woolworths, ABC Learning and many others have successfully integrated ERP systems in their structural framework. With a primary motive to earn an increased amount of revenue and serve the society in a better way, managers focus on benefitting the most from the computerized and network systems. On the contrary, firms like Westpac, Virgin Airlines, Spot Jobs, Red Rooster, Cotton On and many others are faced with various weaknesses of the system (Ram, Corkindale and Wu 2013). It is noted that customization and engineering processes might be a problem at certain times. Also, ERP systems have a higher cost and require extensive training of the taskforce along with an increased switching charge. Among the several advantages of enterprise resource planning tool, one of the most affecting is the timely payment of remuneration to the staff members. According to Chofreh et al. (2014), an increase in invoicing and payment processing directly contributes towards enhancing productivity and positivism in the business environment. Additionally, the timeliness of data provision and creating of soft and hard copies permits accessibility. As compared to computer personnel, ERP system tends to provide more accurate and comprehensive data with better presentation which is more acceptable to the auditors. It is also seen that Australian firms are able to cut down costs, lower wastage of resource, ensure timely delivery and focus on client follow ups like never before. It is through the monitoring and efficiency developments which help in collecting cash and reducing delay in receiving payments. Despite of the advanced operations in a business, a firm is greatly affected by various external conditions (May, Dhillon and Caldeira 2013). The management of a company is likely to opt for the ERP system to mitigate is effect and carry out functional processes in an effective manner. Furthermore, ERP systems benefits organizations in the following manner: Acts as a problem solver in situations of doubt Offers an unified client record that helps various departments in a firm Acts as a support towards taxonomy structures, invoicing programs, accounting policies Develops data access and management across the several levels of a company Builds up competitive advantage factors Drivers and Barriers of ERP Systems Journey According to Meyr, Wagner and Rohde (2015), the execution of enterprise resource planning systems greatly depends on the motives, purposes and individual capabilities of the managers in an organization. In addition to the design solutions, business realities and structure of a firm, ERP systems increasingly depend on the customization patterns, functional processes and procedures that suit the business. It is noted that the practice of the mechanisms might differ with the type of the company. Several brands like Australian Pharmaceutical Industries, Computershare, CSR Ltd, Wesfarmers and many others tend to focus on their diversified methodologies and objectives to successfully integrate the technology in the business framework. Moreover, it is noted that firms that deal in investment, hospitality, consumer goods, retail, industrial, financial and various other major industries have a need for the ERP systems (Staehr, Shanks and Seddon 2012). Ranging from identifying needs, evaluating situations to successfully interpreting the designing and integration of the systems, managers tend to seek help of an expert consultant. Additionally, the drivers of ERP systems journey are following: While awesome advantages can be achieved from ERP executions, it is yet esteemed as a non-achievement. The primary driver of the obstruction is that these issues are identified with individuals, for example, changing work hones. It is further said that it is a typical misguided judgment that ERP is a PC subject, when in actuality it is a person related, business subject. As stated by Petter, DeLone and McLean (2013), the issues that emerge from ERP executions can be characterized into one of three classes, namely specialized, money related or authoritative. Keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish a smooth execution a nearby corporation both inside the association and between the association and the seller is basic. As per Parr, Shanks and Darke (2013) few organizations that implements ERP frameworks do not understand the full advantage which the systems offers because of their operation scales and low competencies. Moreover, ERP deployment is intensely monotonous as the tasks may take a period of one to three years or sometimes even more to get completed and entirely functional. Further, a lower amount of customization might not synchronize with the integrated systems and business processes as well thereby making it hard to upgrade the overall framework. It is critical to assess the evaluation of the ERP and its steps before implementation (Matende and Ogao 2013). Conclusion The ERP system is a long process that goes beyond the ongoing process. Simply propelling an ERP usage includes a considerable measure of strategies. ERP is not about going live, but rather about accomplishing the full business advantage of your venture. Furthermore, the project infers the way to understand that the advantages of ERP starts with having a far longer and more extensive perspective of the organization. The ERP system is a never ending process as ERP normally adjusts the organization's business forms, which make the additional workload for representatives who utilize them at first. ERP usage and operation is a nonstop procedure and requires a consistent audit and course adjustments. The organization needs to understand that the advantages of ERP go a long way, including all goals and purposes of the organization. In the meantime with a growth in experience and best practices, organizations effectively precede the go-live stage. The ERP system gathers the full advantage of the investment in the organization. The ERP system includes six stages such as discovery and planning, design stage, development, testing, deployment and ongoing support. Each stage in the process is beneficial for the organization as it supported the organization to achieve all the goals. The process requires investment and focus to understand the full advantage of an ERP execution. After going live, the changes in the system can be sensational, particularly in connection to how individuals carry out their works. Dealing with the fall starts with an arrangement that addresses the organizations conditions. It includes preparing and changing activities for the individuals who utilize the framework. Moreover, there are barriers as well as drivers that accelerate the movement from one stage to the next in the ERP system journey . Furthermore, it can be seen that the initiative of ERP tend to be accountable, embryonic and extending in nature. In order to maintain positions in the market the ERP frameworks accessible to the organizations and skill required are evaluated. References Aka, Y., Esen, ?. and zer, G., 2013. The effects of education on enterprise resource planning implementation success and perceived organizational performance.International Business Research,6(5), pp.168-179. Babu, K.V.S.N. and Bezawada, M., 2012. Enterprise Resource Planning.Munirajasekhar, Enterprise Resource Planning (September 6, 2012). Cao, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2013. A longitudinal examination of enterprise resource planning system post-implementation enhancements.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.13-39. Chiu, Y.H., Claybaugh, C.C., Lea, B.R. and Yu, W.B., 2014. Enterprise resource planning. Chofreh, A.G., Goni, F.A., Shaharoun, A.M., Ismail, S. and Kleme, J.J., 2014. Sustainable enterprise resource planning: imperatives and research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production,71, pp.139-147. ERP, B.O., 2014. Enterprise Resource Planning.Sage,2(9), p.4. Ha, Y.M. and Ahn, H.J., 2014. Factors affecting the performance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the post-implementation stage.Behaviour Information Technology,33(10), pp.1065-1081. Hanafizadeh, P., Gholami, R., Dadbin, S. and Standage, N., 2012. The core critical success factors in implementation of enterprise resource planning systems.Enterprise Information Systems and Advancing Business Solutions: Emerging Models: Emerging Models, p.86. Hasibuan, Z.A. and Dantes, G.R., 2012. Priority of key success factors (KSFs) on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation life cycle.Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies,2012, p.1. Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.114-125. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leon, A., 2014.Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Matende, S. and Ogao, P., 2013. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation: a case for user participation.Procedia Technology,9, pp.518-526. May, J., Dhillon, G. and Caldeira, M., 2013. Defining value-based objectives for ERP systems planning.Decision Support Systems,55(1), pp.98-109. Meyr, H., Wagner, M. and Rohde, J., 2015. Structure of advanced planning systems. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 99-106). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Monk, E. and Wagner, B., 2012.Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. Olson, D.L. and Staley, J., 2012. Case study of open-source enterprise resource planning implementation in a small business.Enterprise Information Systems,6(1), pp.79-94. Parr, A.N., Shanks, G. and Darke, P., 2013. 8 IDENTIFICATION OF NECESSARY FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ERP SYSTEMS.New Information Technologies in Organizational Processes: Field Studies and Theoretical Reflections on the Future of Work,20, p.99. Petter, S., DeLone, W. and McLean, E.R., 2013. Information systems success: The quest for the independent variables.Journal of Management Information Systems,29(4), pp.7-62. Ram, J., Corkindale, D. and Wu, M.L., 2013. Implementation critical success factors (CSFs) for ERP: Do they contribute to implementation success and post-implementation performance?.International Journal of Production Economics,144(1), pp.157-174. Shaul, L. and Tauber, D., 2013. Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),45(4), p.55. Staehr, L., Shanks, G. and Seddon, P.B., 2012. An explanatory framework for achieving business benefits from ERP systems.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,13(6), p.424. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H. and Tarhini, T., 2015. Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), p.25. Tsai, W.H., Lee, P.L., Shen, Y.S. and Lin, H.L., 2012. A comprehensive study of the relationship between enterprise resource planning selection criteria and enterprise resource planning system success.Information Management,49(1), pp.36-46. Yeh, C.H. and Xu, Y., 2013. Managing critical success strategies for an enterprise resource planning project.European Journal of Operational Research,230(3), pp.604-614.

Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Essay Example

Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies Paper Shakespeare creates heroines that have full characters, contrary to conventional writings that show women as sexual objects only. Shakespeares women are not only presented as sexual objects; his heroines have all kinds of human qualities like innocence, seductiveness, ambition, commitment, obedience, frustration, etc. Whether playfully resolved in the comedies or brutally exposed in the tragedies, at some level, all Shakespeares works symbolically explore the conflict between male and female, or control and emotion, within society and the individual self.1 Two important heroines of Shakespeare are Lady Macbeth and Rosalind, who are famous for transgressing the boundaries drawn for women at that time. However, while Lady Macbeth becomes the victim of a tragedy, Rosalind becomes the architect of a happy ending comedy, which arouses a suggestion that Shakespeares tragedies are misogynist, whereas his comedies are feminist. Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth, who kills King of Scotland in order to be the king with the temptation of Witches and his wife. The role of Lady Macbeth in this tragedy is nearly as important as Macbeths role. He is presented as a transgressive woman, who rejects her gender and wants to be unsexed in order to achieve her ambitions. When she learns that King Duncan will come their court, which will give them a perfect opportunity to kill him, she wants to be saved from her feminine qualities. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares dealing with women in his tragedies and comedies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood, Stop up thaccess and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Theffect and it! Come to my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers (1.5 39-47)2 She follows the stereotype of her time, which associates masculinity with control, strength, and success; and femininity with weakness, loss of control, and disorder.3 Although she is a woman, she is somewhat an androgynous person because she does not conform with the conventional qualities of a Medieval woman, a female bird who takes care of her husband and children and does housework without meddling in mens jobs like politics. This is the definition of a domestic woman that is seen as natural in the society. However, Lady Macbeth is not a mother and furthermore, she has hostile feelings against children and motherhood. I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me- I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out (1.7 54-58)4 Lady Macbeths political ambition is greater than her husbands in the beginning of the play. She uses her sexuality in order to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan, and besides, she always touches on his masculinity by blaming Macbeth for not being a man, as he hesitates to commit murder. Contrary to the conventional patriarchal family, we see that Lady Macbeth is dominant over her husband, partly due to his nature which is full oth milk of human kindness (1.4 16)5 and partly due to Lady Macbeths skill in using her sexual charm. When she reads Macbeths letter informing about the prophecies of the witches, she becomes afraid that the potential good in her husbands nature will prevent him from killing the King, then she comforts herself by thinking that she can persuade her husband easily. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal. (1.5 24-29)6 Her influence upon her husband and her great ambition for power cause her to go mad when she loses both of them. When Macbeth kills Duncan, with the encouragement of Lady Macbeth, he abandons the potential good in him and gives less and less importance to his wife, once his dearest partner of greatness. (1.5 10)7 He doesnt inform her about his later crimes -killing Macduffs family and Banquo, as he doesnt need her anymore to commit murder. With the change in Macbeths character, their marriage loses its passion, as Macbeth loses his emotional intimacy to his wife, being only concerned with keeping his seat. However, Lady Macbeth has predicted different conclusions when they kill Duncan. She has aspired for being queen and meddling in politics and feeling power. Also she has thought that their marriage would be more intimate when Macbeth says her Bring forth men-children only!/For thy undaunted mettle should compose/Nothing but males8 However, Macbeth loses all his emotions and passions for Lady Macbeth when he is entrapped in his evil actions. She loses not only her husband but also her access to power; therefore she goes mad and commits suicide as a result of her unnatural acts. Shakespeare introduces us the character of Lady Macduff, so that we can understand how unnatural Lady Macbeth is. Lady Macduff is a domestic woman, the accepted role for women in the Medieval age (actually in all ages), looking after her children, sitting at home waiting for her husband faithfully and not meddling in politics. She is just the opposite of Lady Macbeth, who rather behaves like a male. The common characteristics of Lady Macbeth and the witches, reflects the Medieval understanding that sees non-domestic women as witches and burns them alive. Just like Lady Macbeth, the witches are hostile towards children, as they put finger of birth-strangled babe (4.1 30)9 into their magical mixture in a cauldron. They also meddle in politics by the prophecies they make, and cause Macbeth to usurpe the crown by killing the gentle and trustful King Duncan. Macbeth kills all those people because of their prophecies, that Banquos children will become kings and Macduff will be a threat to him. Both the witches and Lady Macbeth are shown as the temptators, similar to the Christian teaching that Eve seduced Adam to commit the original sin. The death of Lady Macbeth reflects the victory of male-dominated society, which does not tolerate an unnatural woman challenging to their power and condemn it as a witch. In Shakespeares patriarchal world, the ideal woman is seen as a passive docile and above all selfless creatureBut behind the angel lurks the monster: the obverse of the male idealization of women is the male fear of femininity. The monster women is the woman who refuses to be selfless, acts on her own initiative, who has a story to tellin short, a woman who rejects the submissive role patriarchy has reserved for her.10 Shakespeare creates this monster -Lady Macbeth- with his own hands, but he decides to kill her in the tragedy of Macbeth. Whereas, we see that he welcomes this monster, Rosalind, in his comedy of As You Like It. First of all, he makes her the most dominant character in the play, among many male characters such as Orlando, Jacques or Touchstone. Rosalinds wit and rhetoric puts her a higher place than all male and female characters, which is really revolutionary in the conventional idea that grudges knowledge for females. In Christianity, the tree of knowledge is considered a sin for women; however we see Shakespeare creating a female character that has the most knowledge in the play. Although she is disguised as a young male in order to protect herself in an unknown forest, she frees herself from the restrictions imposed upon women in this way, and she shows that she has the equal -and perhaps more capacity of knowledge and intelligence with men. Rosalind provides us a real perspective of a female on the issues of love and male-female relationships, which shows the androgynous mind of Shakespeare, who can use his brains female part and give a correct female perspective. Rosalind challenges the stereotype that women want Platonic love, which means the mens woving to love them forever, writing love poems for them and expressing their love in a highly emotional way. She doesnt like them. Although she is many fathom deep..in love (4.1 201)11 with Orlando, she tries to dissuade him from loving her by telling about the bad sides of marriage disguised as Ganymede. She says that if they marry, Rosalind would be more jealous of him than a Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen, more clamorous than a parrot against rain, more new-fangled than an ape, more giddy in..desires than a monkey. (4.1 145-148)12 Of course she wont behave like that. But she doesnt want a blind lover like Orlando, who says she will love her forever, and a day (4.1 140)13, which she protests with a rhetoric answer that expresses the evolving nature of relationships. Say a day without the everNo, no, Orlando, men are April when they woo, December when they wed; maids are May when they are maids, but the sky changes when they are wives (4.1 141-144)14 Rosalind has the control in her relationship with Orlando and she instructs him in order to mature his immatured love for her, which is really unnatural for the conventional society. In fact, a conventional reader would think Rosalind as a male and Orlando as a female, if he/she only read their words without knowing their sexes. She has the male attributed qualities of reason and strength, while Orlando has the female attributed qualities of emotion and weakness, which show us that all of these characteristics are universal to human beings and they should not be appropriated for a single race. Rosalind is an admired figure among feminists for her ability to subvert the limitations that society imposes on her as a woman.15 She is dominant in all aspects of the story; and her masculine behaviour, which leads Lady Macbeth to disaster in the end of the tragedy of Macbeth, results in happy ending in the comedy of As You Like It. Therefore, it is possible to claim that Shakespeares Macbeth is misogynist and As You Like It is feminist. Although it is difficult to generalize this idea for all the tragedies and comedies of Shakespeare, when we look at his Winters Tale, which is half tragedy and half comedy, it is also half misogynist and half feminist. In the first part of the play, the great misogynist Leontes rises as a paranoid, who makes himself believe that his wife Hermione is cheating him with his best friend Polixenes while there is no reason. Leontes despotism over Hermione, and Hermiones docile obedience to her husband reflect the conventional situation of women and mens hegemony over them. When Leontes accuses her of being an adultress and puts her into prison, Hermione remains passive and obedient with expressing her belief in providence: if powers divine Behold our human actions, as they do, I doubt not then but innocence shall make False accusation blush and tyranny Tremble at patience (3.2 23-33)16 The other woman character, Paulina strikes the reader with her fearless criticism of Leontes, the King of Sicily, whom the Queen Hermione can not say a word. When she learns that Hermione gives birth a daughter in the prison, she takes the baby to Leontes, hoping that she would soften him. She insists on calling Hermione good queen in spite of Leontes rage, and she says Good queen, my lord, good queen, I say good queen, /And would by combat make her good, so were I / A man, the worst about you. (2.3 72-74)17Leontes can not tolerate her apparent insolence and accuses Antigonus of not controlling his wife, which is the requirement of masculinity. When Leontes threatens Paulina by saying Ill ha thee burnt (2.3 146)18, she answers with a courage no man an show: I care not. It is an heretic that makes the fire, Not she which burns in t. Ill not call you tyrant; But this most cruel usage of your queen, Not able to produce more accusation Than your own weak-hinged fancy, something savors Of tyranny, and will ignoble make you, Yea, scandalous to the world. (2.3 147-155)19 In this manner, we can see Paulina as a transgressive woman, who challenges the king regardless of her place determined by the male society. Although she is unsuccessful in the first part of the play, which is a tragedy, she becomes the chief advisor of Leontes in the second half of the play, which is a comedy. Being repentant of what he has done, Leontes obeys her this time, when she urges him not to remarry. Also the happy ending of the play, the resurrection of Hermione takes place in Paulinaa house, which shows the dominance of a strong female in the comedy part of the play. By looking at the three plays by Shakespeare, we can conclude that the unnatural and transgressive women always lose in tragedies, whereas they become successful and have a happy ending in comedies. Therefore, it is possible to say that Shakespeares tragedies are misogynist and his comedies are feminist.